By Malak Elhag
Skin cancer encompasses various types, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma, and the rare but aggressive Merkel cell carcinoma. BCC often appears as pearly or waxy bumps, while SCC manifests as red nodules or flat sores. Melanoma, the most perilous form, can resemble moles and vary in color, while Merkel cell carcinoma appears as flesh-colored or red-blue nodules.
Risk factors for skin cancer include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially for individuals with fair skin or a family history of the disease. Weakened immune systems, a history of skin cancer, and severe sunburns, particularly during childhood, also heighten the risk.
Preventive measures are crucial in reducing skin cancer risk. These include regular application of high SPF sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, seeking shade during peak sunlight hours, and avoiding tanning beds, which significantly increase the risk of skin cancer.
Early detection of skin cancer signs and symptoms is vital. Changes in moles, new growths, or skin that itches, hurts, or is sensitive should prompt a visit to a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Upon suspicion of skin changes, medical attention is necessary. Diagnosis often involves a biopsy and subsequent treatment, which may include surgical removal, Mohs surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the type and stage of the cancer.
Regular self-examinations and annual full-body skin examinations by a dermatologist aid in early detection. Following treatment, consistent check-ups and emotional support are essential for both physical and mental well-being.
Ongoing research and clinical trials continue to explore new treatments and further understanding of the disease, offering potential advancements in skin cancer management. Overall, by staying vigilant, protecting skin from UV exposure, seeking medical attention for any concerning changes, and adhering to regular check-ups, the impact of skin cancer can be significantly mitigated.
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